*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box
}

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0
}

body {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: #333;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 100vh;
  background-color: #ffffff
}

.main-content {
  flex: 1
}

/* Accessibility helper (no visual change) */
.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute !important;
  clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
  clip-path: inset(50%);
  height: 1px;
  width: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px
}

.page-wrapper {
  padding-top: 104px
}

/* ---------- Header (shared, identical on every page) ---------- */

.header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 18px 40px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ececec;
  transition: box-shadow .3s ease, padding .3s ease;
  z-index: 999;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px
}

.header.scrolled {
  padding: 14px 40px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .06)
}

.header-content h1 {
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  color: #1f1f1f;
  letter-spacing: .07em
}

.header-content .title {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 1px;
  font-size: 14px;
  letter-spacing: .02em
}

.header-content .subtitle {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: #999;
  letter-spacing: .02em
}

.header-content a.brand-link {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  display: block
}

.primary-nav {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 32px
}

.primary-nav a {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: #6b6b6b;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 6px 0;
  transition: color .2s ease
}

.primary-nav a:hover,
.primary-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: #1f1f1f
}

.primary-nav a[aria-current="page"] {
  font-weight: 500
}

/* ---------- Header right cluster: language switch + Contact ---------- */

.header-right {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px
}

.lang-switch {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .08em
}

.lang-switch .lang-current {
  color: #1f1f1f
}

.lang-switch a {
  color: #999;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .2s ease
}

.lang-switch a:hover {
  color: #555
}

.lang-switch .lang-sep {
  color: #ccc
}

.contact-link {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13.5px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: .02em;
  color: #1f1f1f;
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 6px 0;
  transition: color .2s ease
}

.contact-link:hover {
  color: #555
}

/* ---------- Hero / separators / content sections ---------- */

.hero-container {
  height: 70vh;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  padding: 16px
}

.hero-image {
  max-width: 85%;
  max-height: 85%;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, .15)
}

.separator {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px 0;
  background-color: #ffffff
}

.separator-line {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100px;
  height: 1px;
  background-color: #ddd;
  vertical-align: middle
}

.separator-text {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0 20px;
  color: #999;
  font-size: 16px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 2px
}

.content-section {
  padding: 80px 50px;
  background-color: #ffffff
}

.bio-section {
  background-color: #ffffff
}

.contact-section {
  background-color: #ffffff;
  text-align: center
}

.section-content {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  line-height: 1.8
}

.section-content h2,
.section-content h3,
.section-content h4 {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  color: #1f1f1f;
  margin-bottom: 14px
}

.section-content h2 {
  margin-bottom: 18px
}

.section-content p {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  line-height: 1.8
}

.section-content a {
  color: #007bff;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .25s ease
}

.section-content a:hover {
  color: #0056b3;
  text-decoration: underline
}

/* Editorial article block — same grammar as an essay page, used inside a content-section */
.editorial-article {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin: 0 auto
}

.editorial-eyebrow {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  font-size: 11px;
  color: #8a8a8a;
  margin: 0 0 18px
}

.editorial-title {
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 5.5vw, 3.75rem);
  line-height: 1.06;
  letter-spacing: -.03em;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #1f1f1f;
  margin: 0 0 20px
}

.editorial-meta {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #8a8a8a;
  margin: 0 0 52px
}

.editorial-meta a {
  color: #777;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
  transition: color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease
}

.editorial-meta a:hover {
  color: #222;
  border-bottom-color: #666
}

.editorial-prose p {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 22px
}

.editorial-prose p.lede {
  font-size: 19px;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #222
}

.editorial-prose p.lede::first-letter {
  float: left;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: 4.6em;
  line-height: .82;
  font-weight: 500;
  padding: 4px 10px 0 0;
  color: #1f1f1f
}

.editorial-prose .pull-quote {
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 1.7rem);
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: #1f1f1f;
  border-left: 3px solid #1f1f1f;
  padding: 2px 0 2px 28px;
  margin: 44px 0
}

.contact-info p {
  font-size: 19px;
  font-style: italic;
  letter-spacing: .3px;
  color: #444;
  margin: 18px 0
}

.contact-info a {
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
  transition: all .25s ease
}

.contact-info a:hover {
  color: #0056b3;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom-color: #0056b3
}

.buttons-container {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 26px 0;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .86)
}

.btn {
  padding: 12px 22px;
  margin: 0 8px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform .2s ease, background .25s ease;
  color: #2c2c2c;
  background: #f5f5f5;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .08);
  text-decoration: none;
  display: inline-block
}

.btn:hover {
  background: #e9e9e9;
  transform: translateY(-2px)
}

/* ---------- Footer (shared, identical on every page) ---------- */

.site-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid #ececec;
  padding: 22px 40px;
  flex-shrink: 0
}

.footer-inner {
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  flex-wrap: wrap
}

.footer-social {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4px;
  order: 1
}

.footer-social a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: background-color .25s ease
}

.footer-social a svg {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  fill: #6b6b6b;
  transition: fill .25s ease
}

.footer-social a:hover {
  background-color: #f5f5f4
}

.footer-social a:hover svg {
  fill: #1f1f1f
}

.footer-meta {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  order: 3;
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 12.5px;
  color: #999;
  line-height: 1.6;
  white-space: nowrap
}

.footer-meta .footer-sep {
  margin: 0 8px;
  color: #ddd
}

.footer-meta a {
  color: #999;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted #ccc;
  transition: color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease
}

.footer-meta a:hover {
  color: #555;
  border-bottom-color: #888
}

.construction-notice {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: #999;
  margin-top: 8px
}

.scroll-trigger {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 26px;
  right: 26px;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity .4s ease, transform .4s ease;
  z-index: 998
}

.scroll-trigger.active {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(-8px)
}

.scroll-icon {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  fill: #2c2c2c
}

.theory-separator {
  height: 1px;
  background-color: #eee;
  border: none;
  margin: 48px 0;
  width: 100%
}

/* Research cards */
.researchCard {
  padding: 24px 0 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.researchCard:first-of-type {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
}

.researchCard h3 {
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.8vw, 1.7rem);
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #1f1f1f;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.researchCard p {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.researchBlockTitle {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 28px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: 12px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  color: #666;
}

.keyBullets {
  margin: 6px 0 0 18px;
  line-height: 1.75;
  font-size: 15px;
}

.keyBullets li {
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.eqBox {
  margin-top: 24px;
  padding: 16px 20px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  border-left: 3px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.015);
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.eqLabel {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 11px;
  opacity: 0.6;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  letter-spacing: 0.4px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.pubLinks {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  margin-top: 26px;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #777;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.pubLinks a {
  color: #555;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted #bbb;
  transition: color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}

.pubLinks a:hover {
  color: #222;
  border-bottom-color: #666;
}

.whyLine {
  font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, Segoe UI, Roboto, Inter, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
  margin-top: 2px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  font-size: 14px;
  opacity: 0.8;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

@media (max-width:768px) {
  .header {
    display: flex;
    padding: 14px 20px;
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
    padding-bottom: 16px
  }

  .header.scrolled {
    padding: 12px 20px
  }

  .header-content h1 {
    font-size: 22px
  }

  .header-content .title {
    font-size: 13px
  }

  .primary-nav {
    margin-top: 10px;
    gap: 18px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center
  }

  .header-right {
    margin-top: 12px;
    justify-content: center
  }

  .page-wrapper {
    padding-top: 150px
  }

  .content-section {
    padding: 60px 26px
  }

  .buttons-container {
    padding: 18px 0
  }

  .btn {
    display: block;
    margin: 10px auto;
    width: 80%;
    max-width: 220px
  }

  .hero-container {
    height: 60vh;
    padding: 12px
  }

  .hero-image {
    max-width: 90%;
    max-height: 90%;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 8px
  }

  .separator-text {
    padding: 0 10px;
    font-size: 14px
  }

  .separator-line {
    width: 60px
  }

  .section-content p {
    line-height: 1.9
  }

  .editorial-meta {
    margin-bottom: 40px
  }

  .editorial-prose p {
    line-height: 1.9
  }

  .editorial-prose p.lede::first-letter {
    font-size: 3.6em
  }

  .editorial-prose .pull-quote {
    padding-left: 20px;
    margin: 36px 0
  }

  .site-footer {
    padding: 18px 20px
  }

  .footer-inner {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center
  }

  .footer-social {
    order: 1
  }

  .footer-meta {
    order: 3;
    text-align: center;
    white-space: normal
  }
}

@media (max-width:480px) {
  .header-content h1 {
    font-size: 20px
  }

  .header-content .title {
    font-size: 12.5px
  }

  .header-content .subtitle {
    font-size: 11.5px
  }

  .header {
    padding-bottom: 20px
  }

  .page-wrapper {
    padding-top: 172px
  }

  .content-section {
    padding: 40px 20px
  }

  .section-content h2 {
    font-size: 24px
  }

  .section-content h3 {
    font-size: 20px
  }

  .section-content h4 {
    font-size: 18px
  }

  .contact-info p {
    font-size: 16px
  }

  .separator-text {
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 0 8px
  }

  .separator-line {
    width: 40px
  }

  .construction-notice {
    font-size: 10px
  }
}